IUD or intrauterine device is a
popular birthcontrol device. IUD contraception is considered to be one of
the most safest and the cost effective method of birth control adopted by
many women of today's age. An intrauterine device (popularly referred as
IUD) is a small, T-shaped device which is inserted into the uterus to
prevent pregnancy. The device has a string attached to the end, outside the
cervix and this can be checked from time to time so that it is in place.
However, IUD insertion is done only under medical supervision in a proper
health care center. This remains in the uterus till the time the woman wants
to get pregnant and can be removed only by a doctor.
How does Intrauterine Device (IUD) Works?
The device works by
preventing sperm from getting contact with an egg. This is achieved by
making the sperm unable to go inside the egg and by changing the lining of
the uterus. The working of IUDs varies depending on what type of IUD is
used.
Types of IUDs
There are two main types of intrauterine devices. The
working of two IUDs are different.
- Copper IUDs: Using a copper IUD, a small quantity of copper
is released into the uterus. Here the ovulation or the menstrual cycle
is not affected but the copper IUDs prevent sperm to get in contact with
the egg. This is done by immobilizing the sperm on the way to the
fallopian tubes. Copper changes the lining of the uterus, thereby
preventing the ferilization of the egg. In the market today there are
more than 10 types of copper IUDs. The copper IUD goes by the brand name
ParaGard.
- Hormonal IUDS or Mirena IUDs: Hormonal IUD is of just one
type and it is referred as Mirena IUD. The hormonal IUD releases the
hormone progestin to prevent pregnancy. A small amount of progestin or a
similar hormone is released into the uterus, which thickens cervical
mucus and makes it difficult for sperm to enter the cervix. This type of
device is helpful for reducing menstrual bleeding or preventing
menstruation altogether. It can also be used as a treatment for
menorrhagia (heavy periods). The most well known IntraUterine System is
marketed as Mirena by Bayer.
Advantages of IUD or Intrauterine Device
- It is very helpful in preventing pregnancy. There is no tension of
getting pregant till the time the IUD is in the body.
- It can prevent pregnancy for up to 5 to 12 years.
- The cost of IUD insertion is relatively very cost effective.
- It is easy and convenient. Women do not have to worry about missing
doses as in the case of birth control pills.
- An IUD can be removed by your doctor at any time.
- The working of IUD starts immediately.
- Side effects are minimum.
- Mothers who use an IUD can breastfeed safely.
- Another main advantage is the IUD inside the body do not disturb sex
lives of the partners.
Side Effects of IUDs
There are certain side effects associated with
IUDs though not very serious ones. One may face the problem of cramps or
backache for the intial hours after an IUD is inserted into your uterus.
Some women also complain of bleeding and pain for few weeks after the IUD is
inserted. Heavy periods is another problem faced by many women, who are
using the copper IUD. In vere rare cases, the uterus can be injured when the
IUD is put inside. It is also very essential to know that IUDs are effective
for only those women who have only one long-term sex partner as they cannot
protect you from any sexually transmitted infections (STIs). If you have
abnormal bleeding or if you have uterus cancer, IUDs should not be used.
Also copper IUD should not be used if you are allergic to copper.
Disclaimer: The above information is for general understanding
of the visitor. Please consult a registered medical practitioner before
taking the aforesaid medicine.