Antipsychotic drugs are medicines used to treat Psychosis and other mental
and emotional conditions. An antipsychotic medicine, also referred as
neuroleptic medicine, is a tranquilizing psychiatric medication mainly used
to manage psychosis, specially in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
Types of Antopsychotics Drugs
There are two types of types of
antipsychotics drugs:
- Typical antipsychotics: This is the first generation drug
discovered in 1950s. Typical antipsychotics were used to treat psychosis
(in particular, schizophrenia). They are the conventional
antipsychotics, classical neuroleptics drugs.
- Atypical antipsychotic drugs: This is the second generation
anti psychotic drug, introduced clinically in the 1970s. The atypical
antipsychotics (AAP) treat psychiatric conditions like as schizophrenia,
including acute mania, bipolar depression, bipolar maintenance,
psychotic agitation, and other indications.
About Psychosis
Psychosis is a mental illness of severe type in
which the patient loses touch with reality. In normal terminology, Psychosis
means abnormal condition of the mind. A person with this problem change in
his way of thinking, believing or perceiving and behaving. He has confused
thoughts in his mind, he is pre-occupied with unusual ideas, he believes
that others can manipulate his thoughts or he can manipulate others'
thoughts, he perceives voices or visions that no one else can hear or see
and he acts differently than his usual behavior. The patient may also
neglect his appearance and may stop talking or talk only "nonsense."
Use of Antipsychopatic Drugs
Anti-Psychotic Drugs are used to
treat Psychosis. Both generations of antipsychosis medication tend to block
receptors in the brain's dopamine pathways. Some drugs are used to treat
other mental and emotional conditions, such as Bipolar Disorder
(manic-depressive illness). People with this condition have extreme mood
swings, ranging from a highly excited state - sometimes with a false sense
of well-being to depression.
Anti-psychotic Drugs do not cure mental illness, but can reduce some of the
symptoms or make them milder. The medicine may improve symptoms enough for
the person to undergo counselling and live a more normal life.
The type of Anti-psychotic medicine prescribed depends on the type of
mental problem the patient has. For example, lithium is used to even out the
high and low mood swings that people with Bipolar Disorder (manic-depressive
illness) experience. Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) quietens the imaginary
voices that some people with schizophrenia hear.
Antipsychotics List
Typical antipsychotic drugs
Chlorpromazine (Largactil, Thorazine)
Thioridazine (Mellaril)
Mesoridazine
Loxapine (Loxapac, Loxitane)
Molindone (Moban)
Perphenazine (Trilafon)
Thiothixene (Navane)
Trifluoperazine (Stelazine)
Haloperidol (Haldol, Serenace)
Fluphenazine (Prolixin)
Droperidol
Zuclopenthixol (Clopixol)
Prochlorperazine
Atypical antipsychotic drugs
Amisulpride (Solian)
Aripiprazole (Abilify)
Asenapine (Saphris)
Blonanserin (Lonasen)
Clotiapine (Entumine)
Clozapine (Clozaril)
Iloperidone (Fanapt)
Lurasidone (Latuda)
Mosapramine (Cremin)
Olanzapine (Zyprexa)
Paliperidone (Invega)
Perospirone (Lullan)
Quetiapine (Seroquel)
Remoxipride (Roxiam)
Risperidone (Risperdal)
Sertindole (Serdolect)
Sulpiride (Sulpirid, Eglonyl)
Ziprasidone (Geodon, Zeldox)
Zotepine (Nipolept)
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Side effects of Antipsychotic Drugs
Antipsychotics medicines also
have side effects like other medicines. The most common include movement
disorders, blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation, dizziness, weight gain
etc. There are severe side effects in some cases like diabetes or metabolic
syndrome, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, irregular heart beat etc.
Antipsychotics can also increase the risk of stroke in elderly people with
dementia and in any patient with pre-existing stroke problem.
How are Antipsychotics Taken? Dosage
Antipsychotics are usually in
the form of pills that people swallow. Some are available in liquid form.
Some antipsychotics drugs are shots that are given once or twice a month.
Symptoms of schizophrenia, such as feeling agitated and having
hallucinations, usually go away within days. Symptoms like delusions usually
go away within a few weeks. The treatment shows improvement in about six
weeks time. Some people may also face the problem of relapse, when the
condition is either worse or better than the previous one. Usually, relapses
happen when people stop taking their medication. Such drugs consumption
should be gradually reduced, and should never be stopped suddenly.